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Banjo Catfish
Bunocephalus coracoideus
Animalia›Chordata›Actinopterygii›Siluriformes›Aspredinidae
📍 Amazon & Paraná Basins, South America
Named for its flat, banjo-shaped body, this nocturnal catfish buries itself in sandy substrate during the day and emerges at night to scavenge. Nearly invisible when resting, it makes a fascinating oddball for peaceful community tanks.
Care Guide
Diet
Banjo catfish are carnivorous bottom feeders that prefer live or frozen foods such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, and small crustaceans. They will occasionally accept sinking pellets and tablet foods, but should be fed 3-4 times weekly with small portions. Supplement their diet with occasional vegetable matter like blanched zucchini to ensure balanced nutrition.
Behavior
These nocturnal, cryptic catfish spend most of their time buried in substrate or hiding among plants and décor, emerging primarily at dusk and night to forage. They are completely peaceful and solitary, showing no aggression toward tankmates but preferring to avoid interaction. Their camouflage behavior makes them fascinating to observe as they blend seamlessly with leaf litter and debris.
Breeding
Breeding Banjo catfish in captivity is extremely rare and poorly documented, with very few successful spawns recorded in the hobby. They require specific environmental triggers such as seasonal temperature drops and high water quality, making captive reproduction impractical for most aquarists. Virtually all specimens in the trade are wild-caught, and breeding information remains largely unknown.
Tank Mates
Similar peaceful bottom-dwelling habits and compatible water parameters; both are nocturnal and non-aggressive
Small, peaceful mid-water swimmers that won't compete for bottom space or disturb the banjo catfish
Peaceful schooling fish with identical water temperature and pH requirements; occupy different tank zones
Peaceful dwarf cichlid that shares similar water parameters; may occasionally compete for bottom space but generally compatible
Peaceful invertebrates that occupy different ecological niches and won't threaten or be threatened by the banjo catfish
Common Diseases
Ich (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis)
White spots on body and fins, scratching against surfaces, rapid breathing, lethargy
Raise water temperature gradually to 28-30°C, perform daily 25% water changes, use aquarium salt (1 tsp per 5 gallons) or commercial ich treatment; maintain for 10-14 days
Fin Rot
Frayed or deteriorating fins, discoloration at fin edges, fin tissue loss
Perform 50% water change immediately, improve water quality and filtration, treat with antibacterial medication or salt bath; remove any sharp décor that may cause injury
Bacterial Infection
Open sores, ulcers on body, cloudy eyes, loss of appetite, behavioral changes
Isolate in hospital tank if possible, perform daily water changes, treat with broad-spectrum antibiotic medication; maintain pristine water conditions and reduce stress
Parasitic Infection
Excessive mucus coating, scratching, weight loss, visible parasites on gills or skin
Treat with anti-parasitic medication following label instructions; perform frequent water changes; quarantine new fish before adding to main tank
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Quick Facts
- diet
- Carnivore – sinking pellets, frozen bloodworms, tubifex
- lifespan
- 5–8 years
- max size
- 15 cm (6 in)
- tank size
- 15 gallons minimum
- temperament
- Peaceful, nocturnal
Water it likes
- ph
- 5.5–7.5
- ammonia
- 0 ppm
- nitrate
- <20 ppm
- hardness
- 2–15 dGH
- temperature
- 72–82°F (22–28°C)