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FishmediumFreshwater

Doctor Fish

Garra rufa

📍 Middle East (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran)

Garra rufa, commonly known as Doctor Fish or Nibble Fish, are small freshwater fish native to the Middle East known for their unique behavior of consuming dead skin cells. These peaceful fish are popular in spa treatments and aquariums, though they require specific water conditions and should be kept in groups for optimal behavior.

Size2.4"
Min Tank20g
School6+
peaceful
Zonebottom

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Care Guide

Diet

Garra rufa are omnivorous and primarily feed on algae, biofilm, and dead skin cells in their natural habitat. In aquariums, provide algae wafers, spirulina tablets, blanched vegetables (zucchini, spinach), and occasional small live foods like daphnia. Feed once daily in portions they can consume within 2-3 minutes.

Behavior

Doctor Fish are bottom-dwelling scavengers that spend most of their time grazing on surfaces and consuming algae. They are most active in groups of 6 or more, displaying schooling behavior and reduced stress. These fish are generally peaceful but may become territorial or aggressive if kept in insufficient numbers or inadequate space.

Breeding

Breeding Garra rufa in captivity is extremely difficult and rarely successful in home aquariums. They require specific environmental triggers and large breeding tanks with optimal water conditions. Most aquarium specimens are wild-caught, making captive breeding impractical for hobbyists.

Common Diseases

Ich (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis)

Symptoms

White spots on body and fins, rapid breathing, flashing against surfaces, lethargy

Treatment

Increase temperature gradually to 28-30°C (82-86°F), perform daily 25% water changes, use aquarium salt at 1 teaspoon per 5 gallons, consider copper-free ich medication

Fin Rot

Symptoms

Frayed or deteriorating fins, discoloration at fin edges, lethargy, loss of appetite

Treatment

Perform 50% water change, improve water quality and aeration, maintain optimal temperature, use antibacterial medication if severe, remove sharp decorations

Bacterial Infection

Symptoms

Open sores, ulcers on body, cloudy eyes, swollen abdomen, loss of appetite

Treatment

Isolate affected fish, perform frequent water changes, maintain pristine water conditions, use broad-spectrum antibiotic medication, ensure adequate nutrition

Parasitic Infection

Symptoms

Excessive scratching, visible parasites on body, weight loss, pale coloration, clamped fins

Treatment

Quarantine infected fish, treat with antiparasitic medication, perform daily water changes, maintain elevated temperature, improve water quality

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Quick Facts

diet
omnivore - algae wafers, small insects, biofilm, vegetables
lifespan
5-8 years
max size
6 cm (2.4 in)
tank size
20 gallons minimum
temperament
peaceful

Water it likes

ph
6.5-8.0
ammonia
0 ppm
nitrate
<20 ppm
hardness
8-18 dGH
temperature
75–82°F (24–28°C)

Stats

Community tips0
Kept by0 hobbyists