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Dwarf Marbled Catfish
Microglanis poecilus
Pseudopimelodidae
📍 South America — Amazon, Essequibo, and Guiana Shield river basins, including drainages in Venezuela, Guyana, and northern Brazil
Microglanis poecilus is a compact, boldly patterned catfish displaying irregular dark brown and cream marbled blotches across its chunky body, with a broad, flattened head and prominent barbels — superficially resembling a miniature bumblebee. It is a secretive, nocturnal bottom-dweller that spends daylight hours wedged into caves or dense cover, becoming active after lights-out to hunt; despite its small size it is an opportunistic predator that will consume any tankmate small enough to fit in its surprisingly large mouth.
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Care Guide
Diet
Microglanis poecilus is a strict carnivore and should be offered high-protein sinking foods such as frozen bloodworms, tubifex, brine shrimp, daphnia, and small pieces of prawn or mussel, along with quality sinking carnivore pellets or wafers. Feeding should be done after lights-out to align with its nocturnal activity pattern and ensure it actually competes for food. Avoid plant-based staple foods; a varied meaty diet is essential for long-term health and coloration.
Behavior
This species is peaceful toward tankmates too large to be swallowed but is an unambiguous predator — it will readily consume small fish (nano species, fry, small tetras) and any dwarf shrimp that venture near its hiding spot, often overnight without any visible aggression beforehand. During the day it remains almost entirely hidden inside caves, driftwood hollows, or PVC tubes, emerging primarily after the aquarium lights go off. Multiple individuals can be kept together if the tank provides ample separate hiding territories, though mild competition for prime caves may occur.
Breeding
Breeding Microglanis poecilus in captivity is rarely documented and considered difficult; conditioning with abundant live and frozen foods and a slight drop in temperature to simulate seasonal change may help trigger spawning. The species is believed to be a cave-spawner, with the male guarding the egg clutch, similar to other pseudopimelodids. Raising fry requires very fine live foods such as microworms or baby brine shrimp nauplii, and separating adults from eggs or fry is advisable to prevent predation.
Tank Mates
Peaceful dwarf cichlid that occupies mid-to-bottom zone; adults are too large to be eaten and share similar soft, warm water preferences
Large-bodied tetra well above the catfish's gape size; peaceful and occupies upper-mid water column, minimizing competition
Robust, armored algae-grazer that is too large and well-defended to be threatened; occupies similar bottom zone without direct conflict
Exceptionally peaceful cichlid of suitable size; shares South American biotope parameters and poses no threat to the catfish
Common Diseases
Ich (White Spot Disease)
Fine white salt-grain spots on body, fins, and barbels; flashing against decor; lethargy and reduced appetite
Gradually raise temperature to 28-29 C to accelerate parasite life cycle; treat with a scaleless-fish-safe ich medication (e.g., formalin-based or half-dose copper); maintain excellent water quality throughout
Bacterial Fin/Barbel Rot
Fraying, discoloration, or shortening of barbels and fins; reddened bases; cloudy tissue edges
Identify and correct root cause (poor substrate hygiene, high nitrates, sharp decor); treat with a broad-spectrum antibacterial such as kanamycin or nitrofurazone; perform frequent partial water changes
Fungal Infection
White or gray cotton-like tufts on body, fins, or around the mouth; often secondary to wounds or stress
Remove affected fish to a hospital tank; treat with antifungal medication such as methylene blue or a commercial antifungal; improve water quality and remove any sharp decor causing abrasions
Internal Parasites
Wasting despite good appetite, bloating, stringy or pale feces, lethargy
Treat with a medicated food containing metronidazole or levamisole; a course of praziquantel can address tapeworms; quarantine new fish before introduction
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Quick Facts
- diet
- Carnivore — live/frozen invertebrates, sinking meaty pellets
- lifespan
- 5-8 years
- max size
- 7 cm (2.8 in)
- tank size
- 20 gallons minimum
Water it likes
- ph
- 6.0-7.5
- ammonia
- 0 ppm
- nitrate
- <20 ppm
- hardness
- 2-12 dGH
- temperature
- 72–82°F (22–28°C)
Legality
No state or federal restrictions on record for this species.
Not legal advice, and possibly incomplete or out of date. Rules vary by state and locality and change over time — always confirm the current regulations with your state wildlife or agriculture agency before buying, keeping, or shipping this species.