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Amazon Molly
Poecilia formosa
Animalia›Chordata›Actinopterygii›Poeciliidae
📍 Texas & Northeast Mexico
The only known all-female vertebrate species, reproducing by gynogenesis using sperm from other mollies as a trigger without genetic contribution. A true biological oddity.
Care Guide
Diet
Amazon Mollies are omnivores that require a varied diet of high-quality flake foods, small pellets, and regular vegetable matter such as blanched spinach or algae wafers. Supplement 2-3 times weekly with frozen foods like brine shrimp or daphnia. Feed small amounts once daily, only what they can consume in 2-3 minutes.
Behavior
Amazon Mollies are peaceful, active swimmers that prefer to stay in mid-water zones and are most comfortable in groups of at least 3 individuals. They are livebearers that produce live young and may exhibit mild aggression toward males of other molly species, though they remain generally docile with non-competing fish. They are relatively hardy and adaptable to various water conditions.
Breeding
Breeding in captivity is straightforward and occurs readily in established tanks without special conditioning. Females are ovoviviparous and produce 10-40 fry every 4-6 weeks; provide dense vegetation or breeding box to protect young from predation. This species reproduces through gynogenesis, making them an unusual all-female population that requires males of related molly species to trigger reproduction.
Tank Mates
Similar size, peaceful temperament, and identical water parameter requirements make guppies ideal companions
Fellow livebearers with matching care needs and peaceful behavior; compatible water chemistry
Small, peaceful schooling fish that occupy different water zones and have similar temperature preferences
Bottom-dwelling catfish that won't compete for space; peaceful scavenger that helps maintain tank cleanliness
Peaceful invertebrate that helps control algae and detritus without competing for food or space
Generally peaceful but may occasionally nip at molly fins; monitor behavior and provide adequate space
Common Diseases
Fin Rot
Frayed, disintegrating fins; white or black edges on fins; lethargy
Perform 25% water changes every 2-3 days, improve water quality, treat with aquarium salt (1 tsp per gallon) or antibacterial medication if severe
Ich (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis)
White spots on body and fins, rapid breathing, rubbing against objects, loss of appetite
Raise temperature gradually to 28-30°C, treat with ich medication or aquarium salt; perform daily 25% water changes and maintain good filtration
Velvet Disease (Oodinium)
Fine golden or rust-colored dust on body, clamped fins, rapid breathing, lethargy
Increase aeration, treat with copper-based medication or aquarium salt; dim lights as the parasite is light-sensitive; perform frequent water changes
Constipation
Bloated appearance, lack of feces, reduced activity, loss of appetite
Feed blanched vegetables and high-fiber foods; perform 25% water change; fast fish for 1-2 days if severe; ensure varied diet to prevent recurrence
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Quick Facts
- pH
- 7.0–8.5
- diet
- omnivore/herbivore
- maxSize
- 3 inches
- minTankSize
- 20 gallons
- temperature
- 68–82°F (20–28°C)
Temperature
68–82°F
20–28°C