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Archerfish
Toxotes jaculatrix
Animalia›Chordata›Actinopterygii›Toxotidae
📍 India, Southeast Asia & Australia (estuaries)
Famous for shooting precisely aimed jets of water to knock insects off overhanging vegetation. Requires a brackish tank with at least 12 inches of air space above the water. Fascinating behaviour.
Care Guide
Diet
Archerfish are strict carnivores that primarily hunt live insects and small arthropods. Feed live insects such as crickets, grasshoppers, flies, and mosquito larvae 2-3 times weekly. They can be trained to accept frozen bloodworms and small frozen shrimp, but live prey is essential for maintaining their natural hunting behavior and overall health.
Behavior
Archerfish are famous for their remarkable ability to shoot precise jets of water at insects above the waterline, knocking them into the water to feed. They are semi-aggressive and territorial, particularly toward their own species, making schooling of 3+ individuals necessary to distribute aggression. They are active hunters that spend much time at the water's surface, requiring adequate air space above the tank.
Breeding
Breeding archerfish in captivity is extremely rare and difficult, with very few successful cases documented in home aquariums. They require specific environmental triggers and large tank space to spawn. Most captive archerfish are wild-caught, and breeding is best left to experienced breeders with specialized facilities.
Tank Mates
Brackish water compatible, bottom-dwelling, unlikely to compete for food or space
Tolerates brackish conditions, mid-water swimmer, peaceful enough to coexist
Brackish-tolerant, smaller size, occupies different water zones
Algae control, no competition, cannot be shot down by archerfish jets
Large enough to avoid predation, helps with tank maintenance
Common Diseases
Ich (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis)
White spots on body and fins, rapid breathing, flashing against surfaces
Raise temperature to 28-30°C, perform 25% water changes, use aquarium salt (1 tsp per gallon) or ich medication; maintain brackish conditions
Bacterial Fin Rot
Frayed or deteriorating fins, discoloration at fin edges, lethargy
Improve water quality with frequent partial changes, reduce stress, use antibiotic medication if severe; maintain proper salinity and temperature
Parasitic Infections
Excessive scratching, visible parasites, weight loss, clamped fins
Quarantine affected fish, use brackish water dips, treat with anti-parasitic medication; maintain optimal water parameters
Dropsy
Bloated appearance, scales standing out, lethargy, loss of appetite
Isolate in hospital tank, perform frequent water changes, feed high-quality foods; may indicate poor water quality or bacterial infection
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Quick Facts
- pH
- 7.0–8.0
- diet
- insects/carnivore
- maxSize
- 10 inches
- salinity
- SG 1.005–1.010
- minTankSize
- 55 gallons
- temperature
- 77–86°F (25–30°C)
Temperature
77–86°F
25–30°C