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FishbeginnerFreshwater

Least Killifish

Heterandria formosa

AnimaliaChordataActinopterygiiPoeciliidae

📍 Southeastern USA, Florida to South Carolina

Ask Finn

One of the smallest vertebrates in the world — females reach just 1.5 inches. A fascinating livebearer from the USA that thrives in cool, planted nano tanks. Ideal for a species setup.

Size1.5"
Min Tank5g
School3+
peaceful
Zonemid

Care Guide

Diet

Least Killifish are omnivores that thrive on a varied diet of small foods. Offer high-quality micro pellets, crushed flakes, and small frozen foods like brine shrimp and daphnia once daily in small portions. Supplement with occasional live foods such as copepods or small insects to promote natural foraging behavior.

Behavior

These tiny, peaceful fish are active swimmers that prefer to stay in mid-water zones among plants. They are schooling fish that feel most secure in groups of 3 or more and display minimal aggression toward tankmates. Males may exhibit mild territorial behavior, but overall they are docile and ideal for planted nano aquariums.

Breeding

Least Killifish breed readily in captivity and are prolific livebearers, with females producing small broods regularly. Provide dense vegetation (Java Moss, Riccia, or similar) where fry can hide immediately after birth, as adults will consume them. Expect fry to appear frequently in established tanks with good conditions; separate them to a nursery tank if you wish to raise them.

Common Diseases

Ich (White Spot Disease)

Symptoms

White spots on body and fins, rapid breathing, lethargy, rubbing against plants

Treatment

Raise temperature gradually to 26-28°C, perform daily 25% water changes, and treat with aquarium salt or ich medication; ensure good filtration and water quality

Fin Rot

Symptoms

Frayed or deteriorating fins, discoloration at fin edges, lethargy

Treatment

Improve water quality with frequent partial water changes, reduce stocking density, treat with antibacterial medication if severe

Velvet Disease

Symptoms

Fine golden or rust-colored dust on body, rapid breathing, loss of appetite, scratching behavior

Treatment

Increase aeration, perform daily water changes, treat with copper-based medication or increase temperature to 28°C; quarantine affected fish

Dropsy

Symptoms

Bloated abdomen, scales standing out, lethargy, loss of appetite

Treatment

Isolate affected fish, improve water quality, provide varied diet with quality foods; unfortunately often fatal if advanced

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Quick Facts

pH
6.0–8.0
diet
omnivore
maxSize
1.5 inches
minTankSize
3 gallons
temperature
59–79°F (15–26°C)

Temperature

59–79°F

15–26°C

Stats

Community tips0
Kept by0 hobbyists