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Lesser Spiny Eel
Macrognathus aculeatus
📍 Southeast Asia
The Lesser Spiny Eel (Macrognathus aculeatus) is a fascinating elongated fish native to Southeast Asia, known for its distinctive row of spines along its back and its habit of burrowing into soft substrates. It is a popular choice among hobbyists who enjoy unusual, snake-like fish that exhibit interesting nocturnal behaviors. Despite its eel-like appearance, it is a true fish and can be kept in community aquariums with appropriately sized, peaceful tankmates.
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Care Guide
Diet
The Lesser Spiny Eel is a carnivore that thrives on live and frozen foods such as bloodworms, tubifex worms, brine shrimp, and small earthworms. It can be difficult to wean onto prepared or pellet foods, so offering a variety of meaty live and frozen options is recommended. Feed once daily in the evening, as this species is primarily nocturnal and most active after lights out.
Behavior
This species is largely nocturnal, spending daylight hours buried in soft sand or hiding among dense vegetation and driftwood. It becomes more active at night, emerging to hunt for food along the substrate. While generally peaceful, it may consume very small fish or shrimp that fit in its mouth, and it can be shy in brightly lit or sparsely decorated tanks.
Breeding
Breeding the Lesser Spiny Eel in captivity is considered rare and challenging. They are egg scatterers that require dense floating plants and slightly raised temperatures to trigger spawning behavior. The eggs are small and adhesive, and the parents do not provide care, so fry must be separated and fed infusoria or micro foods.
Tank Mates
Similar bottom-dwelling, peaceful species that shares the same habitat preferences without competition
Small, peaceful mid-level swimmer that poses no threat to the spiny eel
Peaceful schooling fish that occupies the mid-water zone, leaving the bottom undisturbed
Peaceful bottom dwellers that coexist well, though both compete for substrate space
Calm, mid-level species that will not bother the spiny eel
Larger snails are generally safe, but very small snails may be eaten by the spiny eel
Common Diseases
Ich (White Spot Disease)
Small white spots resembling grains of salt on the body and fins, flashing against surfaces, lethargy
Raise temperature gradually to 28-30°C and treat with ich medication; spiny eels are sensitive to standard doses so use half doses of copper-free treatments
Skin Flukes (Monogenean Trematodes)
Excessive mucus production, scratching against objects, reddened or irritated skin, rapid gill movement
Treat with praziquantel-based medications; perform water changes and improve water quality to reduce stress
Bacterial Infection (Aeromonas/Pseudomonas)
Open sores, ulcers, reddening of the skin, frayed fins, lethargy, and loss of appetite
Improve water quality immediately; treat with broad-spectrum antibiotics such as kanamycin or erythromycin in a hospital tank
Internal Parasites
Wasting despite eating, bloated abdomen, stringy white feces, lethargy
Treat with metronidazole or fenbendazole added to food or water; quarantine affected fish and improve diet variety
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Quick Facts
- diet
- Carnivore – prefers live or frozen bloodworms, tubifex, brine shrimp, and small invertebrates
- lifespan
- 5-8 years
- max size
- 35 cm (14 in)
- tank size
- 55 gallons minimum
- temperament
- peaceful
Water it likes
- ph
- 6.5-7.5
- ammonia
- 0 ppm
- nitrate
- <20 ppm
- hardness
- 5-15 dGH
- temperature
- 75–82°F (24–28°C)