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Yucatan Molly
Poecilia velifera
Animalia›Chordata›Actinopterygii
📍 Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula)
The largest molly species, native to Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, with males developing an enormous sail-like dorsal fin that can rival their body height and displaying iridescent blue-green and orange coloration at maturity. It requires a larger tank (40+ gallons) than common mollies, prefers hard, alkaline water, and makes an impressive display fish when provided sufficient space.
Care Guide
Diet
Yucatan Mollies are omnivorous and should be fed high-quality flake food or pellets as a staple, supplemented 2-3 times weekly with frozen foods like brine shrimp, daphnia, or bloodworms. Include vegetable matter such as blanched spinach or spirulina-based foods weekly to support their digestive health. Feed small amounts once daily, only what they can consume in 2-3 minutes.
Behavior
Yucatan Mollies are peaceful, active swimmers that spend most of their time in mid-water zones, though they will explore all tank levels. Males are notably territorial and will display their impressive sail-like dorsal fins to establish dominance, but rarely engage in aggressive combat with other species. They are social fish that thrive in groups and benefit from the presence of their own kind, though they can be kept singly in larger tanks.
Breeding
Breeding Yucatan Mollies in captivity is moderately difficult and requires pristine water conditions with high pH (7.5-8.5) and temperature stability. Females are livebearers that produce 20-100 fry every 4-6 weeks when conditions are optimal; fry are relatively hardy but require fine foods like infusoria or powdered flake initially. Separate fry into a nursery tank to prevent predation by adults, though some fry will survive in heavily planted main tanks.
Tank Mates
Similar peaceful temperament and water preferences; males may compete for dominance but rarely fight seriously
Nearly identical water requirements and peaceful behavior; both are livebearers with compatible social dynamics
Peaceful schooling fish that thrive in similar water conditions and won't compete with mollies
Algae-eating snail that prefers hard water; mollies ignore snails and benefit from their cleaning
Common Diseases
Fin Rot
Frayed, discolored, or deteriorating fin edges; lethargy and loss of appetite
Perform 25% water changes every 2-3 days, improve water quality, and treat with aquarium salt (1 teaspoon per 5 gallons) or antibacterial medication if severe
Ich (White Spot Disease)
White spots on body and fins, excessive scratching against surfaces, rapid breathing
Raise temperature gradually to 28-30°C (82-86°F), add aquarium salt at recommended dose, and treat with ich medication for 7-10 days while maintaining water quality
Velvet Disease
Fine golden or rust-colored dust on body, clamped fins, lethargy, rapid gill movement
Dim lighting, raise temperature to 28°C (82°F), perform daily 25% water changes, and treat with copper-based medication or formalin following product instructions
Dropsy
Bloated abdomen, scales standing out like a pinecone, lethargy, loss of appetite
Isolate affected fish, perform frequent water changes, feed quality foods sparingly, and treat with antibiotics; prognosis is poor if advanced
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Water it likes
- ph
- 7.0–8.5
- ammonia
- 0 ppm
- nitrate
- <20 ppm
- temperature
- 72–82°F (22–28°C)