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Australian Rainbowfish
Melanotaenia fluviatilis
Animalia›Chordata›Actinopterygii
📍 Australia
A mid-sized rainbowfish native to the Murray-Darling river system in southeastern Australia, displaying a silvery-green body with a pinkish sheen and delicate iridescent scales. Active and peaceful, it does best in schools of 6+ in a well-planted tank of at least 30 gallons with good flow.
Care Guide
Diet
Australian Rainbowfish are omnivores that thrive on high-quality flake foods and small pellets as staples, supplemented 2-3 times weekly with frozen foods like brine shrimp, daphnia, or bloodworms. Include vegetable matter such as blanched spinach or spirulina-based foods to support their natural diet of small crustaceans and plant material. Feed small amounts once daily, only what they can consume in 2-3 minutes.
Behavior
These active, schooling fish are highly social and display vibrant iridescent coloration when kept in groups of 6 or more, becoming dull and stressed in smaller numbers. They are peaceful community fish that spend most of their time in the mid-water column, constantly moving and exploring. Males may display mild territorial behavior toward each other, but aggression is minimal compared to other rainbowfish species.
Breeding
Breeding in captivity is moderately difficult and requires patience; they are egg scatterers that rarely breed in standard aquariums without specific conditioning. Successful breeding requires slightly cooler temperatures (around 24°C), dense vegetation or spawning mops, and well-conditioned pairs fed high-protein foods. Fry are tiny and require infusoria or liquid fry food for the first week before accepting microworms or newly hatched brine shrimp.
Tank Mates
Similar size, peaceful temperament, and compatible water parameters make them ideal mid-water companions
Bottom-dwelling scavenger that occupies different water zone and shares peaceful nature; compatible temperature range
Small, peaceful schooling fish with similar water requirements; may be slightly smaller but compatible
Peaceful algae eater that occupies bottom zone; prefers slightly cooler temps but range overlaps adequately
Generally safe but rainbowfish may occasionally nip at shrimp; provide dense plants for refuge
Common Diseases
Ich (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis)
White spots on body and fins, rapid breathing, flashing against objects, lethargy
Raise temperature gradually to 28-29°C, perform daily 25% water changes, use aquarium salt (1 teaspoon per 5 gallons) or commercial ich treatment; maintain for 10-14 days
Fin Rot
Frayed or disintegrating fins, white or black edges on fins, fin deterioration progressing toward body
Perform 50% water change immediately, improve water quality and reduce stocking density, treat with antibacterial medication or salt bath; remove any sharp decorations causing injury
Columnaris (Flexibacter columnaris)
White or grayish film on body and mouth, difficulty breathing, loss of appetite, rapid deterioration
Isolate affected fish immediately, treat with antibacterial medication (e.g., tetracycline), maintain pristine water conditions with frequent changes, increase aeration
Stress-Related Illness
Loss of coloration, hiding, reduced appetite, susceptibility to secondary infections
Ensure minimum school size of 6 fish, maintain stable water parameters, reduce tank disturbances, provide adequate vegetation and hiding spaces, avoid aggressive tank mates
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Water it likes
- ph
- 6.5–8.0
- ammonia
- 0 ppm
- nitrate
- <20 ppm
- temperature
- 61–75°F (16–24°C)